Constructing Movements and Comparisons
نویسنده
چکیده
I ndigenous peoples in Latin America dispatched the twentieth century as they did the eighteenth, with a wave of social mobilizations that frightened elites and dramatically altered the political possibilities for a democratizing and modernizing continent. In the 1780s, the Aymara, Quechua, and mestizo armies of Túpaj Katari and Túpac Amaru initiated what some have called the “first war of independence” in Spanish America (Albó 1987),1 only to see it crushed by colonial power and later eclipsed by the more conservative “white-” or Creole-led movements of Bolívar, Sucre, and San Martín. Two hundred years later, indigenous people launched new offensives, not as military campaigns but as largely peaceful social movements that have proven dangerous to the exclusionary political and economic structures of neoliberal Latin America.2 Throughout the Americas, from Canada to Chile, indigenous people have challenged the national political and economic proj-
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